Examples: Jilu axona, Azerbaijan Jewish axxona/axona (Garbell 1965, 297), Tisqopa axona (Rubba, individual telecommunications)

(20) The expression having ‘brother’, aha during the BT, have simultaneously started augmented, even though this setting is even used in Turoyo. Hertevin provides one another ?aha and you can ?ahona (Jastrow 1988, 180), but Mandaic has only aha (Macuch 1965, 495).

As well, additional NENA, i’ve most other terminology: Mandaic keraya (Macuch 1965, 509), Turoyo raglo (Jastrow 1985, 219)

(21) You to instead strange product that’s attested in most NENA languages except Sanandaj Christian (which most likely merely a spin gap throughout the proof) is actually aqla ‘foot’. Krotkoff (1985, 130-31) contends that term comes from the supply ql ‘to feel crooked’. Most of the dialects make use of the function aqla, but Koy Sanjaq aqla and you will Tisqopa (?)aqIlta.

(22) Other term discussed because of the Krotkoff (1985, 131-32, 134) try baxta ‘woman’, with supplanted the fresh Syriac atta in all NENA, although not when you look at the Turoyo or Mandaic. It term appears to result of Kurdish baxt ‘honor’. It is interesting to see one to an unequal plural survives when you look at the several dialects: Tisqopa (?)InsI, Azerbaijan Jewish nise, and Halabja inse.

(23) Surprise innovation talked about by the Noldeke (1868, 59) was rxata, corresponding to Syriac rhat. The change regarding h so you’re able to x in this one-word try used in the NENA dialects where the verb are attested. Examples: Sanandaj Christian raxet (Panoussi 1990), Urmi roentgen-x-D (Hetzron 1969, 123), Jilu rxata, Hertevin rahet (Jastrow 1988, 222).

(24) Some other unanticipated innovation ‘s the NENA verb ‘fear’, which will take the newest versions zda?an excellent, zdaya, and you will zdala regarding the various dialects. Macuch and Panoussi (1974, 50) render a prospective derivation on the Syriac ezda za ‘be shaken’. Forms to the infixed d are observed in most the new NENA languages the spot where the supply is actually attested: Halabja ilha zadyane ‘God-fearing (pl.)’, Jilu +zdale ‘he feared’, Aradhin iza:dIl ‘he fears’ (Krotkoff 1982, 78), Zakho zde?lu ‘they feared’ (Sabar 1988, 1).(9)

Only a few of determining top features of NENA are observed in both Turoyo otherwise Mandaic

In my opinion your significantly more than makes it obvious the NENA dialects express many unique characteristics which can be receive neither in the previous attested kinds of Aramaic nor in the most other way of living dialects. profily omgchat These characteristics diversity across the domains from phonology, morphology, and also the lexicon.

Specifically, all the dialects of NENA consent within the conditions dos, nine, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, 21, and you may 22. All languages where i’ve suggestions and additionally acknowledge criteria 20, 23, and you may twenty four.

Just about Halabja concur during the conditions 8 and you can 11. Requirement six is found in all of the dialects but Halabja, Hertevin, and Sanandaj Christian.

Even with its inner departments, the latest NENA dialects function a stunningly coherent group, divided obviously out-of both Turoyo and Mandaic. The position of these dialects beyond your NENA pale is beyond concern.

The degree that has actually was mutual all over NENA is very unbelievable when we check out the tremendous differences when considering different languages. The fresh influence of almost every other dialects into the NENA might have been one another strong and greater, additionally the level of mutual intelligibility ranging from dialects can be extremely brief. The numerous common designs argue strongly having a familiar origin off brand new NENA dialects, in both one dialect or perhaps in a small grouping of directly related dialects. At the same time, we are able to detect a number of important bundles out of isoglosses which show the brand new limits regarding dialect organizations.

a) The latest dialect out of Halabja cannot show certain very important designs and therefore can be found compliment of all remaining portion of the dialects. It will not form a great CCiC-le preterite away from intransitive verbs (8), it’s got no b(it)- upcoming marker (10), and it has no 3rd people only one copula which have step one (11). This can be probably the most standard department between languages of NENA. It indicates that left languages setting a team through which innovations give when you are Halabja remained unchanged from the her or him.